Stripping mechanisms and remediation for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> beams

Negative hydrogen ions are often used for injecting protons from linacs to storage rings via charge-exchange injection. In this process, the two electrons stripped by a foil or laser produce which can be merged with an existing beam without significantly affecting its dynamics, allowing high intensities of accumulated. However, capability comes drawback that outer electron H$^-$ ion has low binding energy and easily away prior This paper addresses following stripping mechanisms: interactions residual gas in pipe, blackbody radiation accelerator components, electromagnetic fields optics (Lorentz-force stripping) particles within bunch itself (intrabeam stripping); discussion on how avoid excessive activation H$^0$ protons. We also demonstrate proportion colliding nearby pipe machine-element walls presents only roughly 10\% those lost stripping; remaining traverse end linac local straight section, may relax limits allowable stripping-based loss accelerators.